The migration regime is governed by Legislative Decree No. 1350, which regulates the issuance of documentation to foreign nationals, including refugees. The national legal framework guarantees protection against refoulement for refugees and asylum-seekers. However, in 2023, the government introduced an expedited expulsion procedure targeting irregular migrants and foreign nationals deemed to pose a threat to public order or national security. This measure has raised concerns about its impact on protection standards, particularly for individuals with international protection needs who have not yet formalized their stay in the country. In 2024, humanitarian exceptions were revoked, requiring all individuals to present a valid passport and visa, where applicable. Meanwhile, xenophobic rhetoric has intensified, fueled by media narratives and political discourse.

As of December 2024, Peru hosts over 539,000 asylum-seekers and 6,700 recognized refugees, primarily from Venezuela, followed by smaller numbers from Colombia and Cuba. More than two-thirds reside in urban areas within the Lima Metropolitan Region. Forcibly displaced individuals face significant barriers to socio-economic inclusion, including limited legal pathways, delays in refugee status determination, and the non-recognition of the asylum-seeker card for accessing public healthcare and housing. Skilled professionals also encounter prolonged credential recognition processes and high administrative costs. In 2025, the resettlement quota was drastically reduced, and complementary pathways—particularly those related to labor mobility—remain limited.