All Rwandans are born and remain equal in rights and freedoms.
Discrimination of any kind or its propaganda based on, inter alia, ethnic origin, family or ancestry, clan, skin colour or race, sex, region, economic categories, religion or faith, opinion, fortune, cultural differences, language, economic status, physical or mental disability or any other form of discrimination are prohibited and punishable by law.

Every child has the right to specific mechanisms of protection by his or her family, other Rwandans and the State, depending on his or her age and living conditions, as provided for by national and international law.

Every Rwandan has the right to education.

Freedom of learning and teaching is guaranteed in accordance with conditions determined by law.

Primary education is compulsory and free in public schools.

Conditions for free primary education in schools subsidised by the Government are determined by law.

A law also determines the organisation of education.

Every Rwandan has the right to move freely
and to reside anywhere in Rwanda.

Every Rwandan has the right to leave Rwanda
and to return.

These rights may only be restricted by law for
reasons of public order and of national security,
in order to avert a public threat or to protect
persons in danger.

Every Rwandan has the right to move freely and to reside anywhere in Rwanda.

Everyone has the right to due process of law,
which includes the right:
1° to be informed of the nature and cause of
charges and the right to defence and legal
representation;
2° to be presumed innocent until proved
guilty by a competent Court;
3° to appear before a competent Court;
4° not to be subjected to prosecution, arrest,
detention or punishment on account of
any act or omission which did not
constitute an offence under national or
international law at the time it was
committed. Offences and their penalties
are determined by law;
5° not to be held liable for an offence he or
she did not commit. Criminal liability is
personal;
6° not to be punished for an offence with a
penalty that is severer than the penalty
provided for by the law at the time that
offence was committed;
7° not to be imprisoned merely on the
ground of inability to fulfil a contractual
obligation;
8° not to be prosecuted or punished for a
crime which has reached its statute of
limitations. However, the crime of
genocide, crimes against humanity and
war crimes are not subject to statute of
limitations. A law may determine other
crimes which are not subject to statute of
limitations.

Everyone has the right to free choice of
employment.

All individuals, without any form of
discrimination, have the right to equal pay for
equal wo

The right to form trade unions for the defence
and promotion of legitimate professional
interests is recognised.

Every worker may defend his or her rights
through a trade union in accordance with the
law.

Trade unions and employers’ associations have
the right to engage in collective bargaining and
may enter into general or specific agreements
regulating their working relations. Modalities
for making these agreements are determined by
law.

Everyone has the right to private property, whether individually or collectively owned.

Private property, whether owned individually or
collectively, is inviolable.

The right to property shall not be encroached upon except in public interest and in accordance with the provisions of the law.