Czechia is a destination country for people fleeing conflict and persecution in various parts of the world, including Ukrainians who comprise the majority of refugees.  Ukrainian refugees are under temporary protection. Beneficiaries of temporary protection are granted residence permits that allow access to employment, healthcare, and education. However, the scope of rights and the duration of stay are subject to specific legal provisions and may vary based on a refugees individual circumstances.

Czechia recognizes statelessness under its Immigration Act, defining a stateless person as an individual not considered a national by any state under its law. Since July 2023, a formal procedure for determining statelessness has been in place. Individuals recognized as stateless are granted a tolerated stay visa for one year, which can be extended. After five years, they may apply for permanent residence. While this status provides certain rights, such as the ability to work after six months, it does not automatically confer access to social services or family reunification. The legal framework for stateless persons is evolving, with ongoing discussions about aligning domestic laws more closely with international standards.

Czechia's location in Central Europe places it at a crossroads for mixed migration flows. The country's legal frameworks and policies are influenced by its geographical position, EU membership, and international obligations. While not a country hosting a large number of asylum-seekers and refugees, Czechia plays a significant role in the regional protection landscape.