Chad has a unitary system. This is clearly stated in Article 2 of the 2023 Constitution, which reads "The Chad is a sovereign, independent, secular, social, united, and indivisible Republic."

The executive power is embodied by the President, who according to article 66 of the Constitution “embodies national unity”, as well as the government. According to the same article he also guarantees national independence, national unity and sovereignty, territorial integrity and respect for the Constitution, international treaties and agreements. The President is elected by direct universal suffrage for a five-year term, renewable once (article 67). Among his roles, the President promulgates laws (article 88), presides over the Council of Ministers (article 86), and is the Supreme Chief of the Armed Forces (article 92). The government is led by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President of the Republic (article 100). Government members are also appointed by the President of the Republic, upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister. 
The Government is then presented to the National Assembly to be invested and to obtain the vote of confidence from the National Assembly on its political program (Article 101).

According to article 104, Government ensures the execution of laws and to do so, has the administration at its disposal. The interim of the president is ensured by the prime minister in case of absence from the territory or temporary impediment (article 81).

The legislative power is held by the Parliament, divided into two chambers: the National Assembly and the Senate (article 110). National Assembly’s deputies are elected by direct universal suffrage (article 111) for a term of five years (article 113). Regarding senators, as they represent local communities (collectivités autonomes), two-third of them are elected by indirect universal suffrage by an electoral college composed of municipal and provincial councillors. The last third is appointed by the President (article 114). The Parliament both votes on laws and oversee the government's actions (article 130). However, the initiative for laws is shared between the Government and the Parliament (Art. 142).

Regarding the judicial power, there is only one level of jurisdiction with the Supreme Court as the highest instance (article 156). In this capacity, the judicial power is held by the Supreme Court, courts of appeal, tribunals, and justices of the peace (article 157). The Supreme Court consists of two chambers: one administrative and one judicial (166). 
The principle of independence of the judiciary from the legislative and executive branches applies (article 155). In parallel, the Constitutional Court ensures the constitutionality of laws, treaties, and international agreements. The functioning of the judicial power is detailed below in point 6.

The Constitution also gives significant importance to autonomous communities, the Communes, and Provinces (Article 254), which are endowed with administrative, financial, patrimonial, and economic autonomy (Article 256). However, these communities are placed under the guardianship of the State (Article 260). They are administered by assemblies elected by direct universal suffrage for a renewable term of six years (Article 258). Following the principle of subsidiarity, competencies are divided between exclusive competencies and competencies shared between the State and autonomous communities (Article 262). These are determined by organic law.