1. Primary education programs are aimed at developing the student's personality and individual abilities and skills in educational activities, including mastery of reading, writing, arithmetic, elements of theoretical thinking, basic self-control skills, behavioral and speech standards, and the fundamentals of personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle.

2. Primary education is compulsory.

3. Education in primary education programs begins with children reaching the age of six in the year of enrollment in a general education institution.

4. The standard period for mastering primary education programs is at least four academic years.

5. Primary education may be obtained in one of the following types of general education institutions: general education school, general education boarding school, specialized general education school (with an indication of the specialized training area), general education gymnasium school (in-depth study of subjects in specialized training areas, exposure to research and creativity, a wide range of additional educational services), and others.

6. At the primary education level, the organization of the educational process based on an integrated approach and responsibility for a group of students (classroom) are assigned to a specific teaching staff member. However, other teaching staff may be involved in conducting classes in specialized subjects within the classroom.

7. Primary education culminates in a transfer assessment, a positive result of which allows the student to continue their education in basic secondary education programs.

1. Citizens of Turkmenistan are guaranteed the opportunity to receive an education regardless of nationality, skin color, gender, origin, property or official status, place of residence, language, religious affiliation, political beliefs, or other circumstances, as well as age and health status.

Based on gender, age, and health status, the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan may establish restrictions on education for certain blue-collar professions, specialties, and areas of training, as well as forms of instruction.

2. The state ensures the right of citizens of Turkmenistan to education by creating an education system and appropriate socioeconomic conditions for obtaining an education.

3. The state guarantees citizens of Turkmenistan compulsory and free general secondary education and provides accessible vocational education in state educational institutions, in accordance with their abilities.

4. To ensure the right to education for citizens of Turkmenistan who require social support, the state bears the costs of their maintenance during their education. The categories of citizens eligible for state social support, as well as the procedure and amount of such support, are established by the legislation of Turkmenistan.

5. The state creates conditions for citizens of Turkmenistan with disabilities, i.e., those with physical and/or mental disabilities, to receive an education in general educational institutions (inclusive education). For citizens of Turkmenistan who, due to health reasons, are unable to attend general educational institutions, specialized educational institutions are created to provide them with an education based on specialized pedagogical approaches, correction of developmental disabilities, and social adaptation.

6. The state provides educational assistance to citizens of Turkmenistan who have demonstrated a high level of intellectual development and creative abilities in a specific area of ​​academic and research activity, scientific, technical, and artistic creativity, physical education, and sports, including through the provision of special state scholarships, including scholarships for study in foreign countries.

The criteria and procedures for the provision of special state scholarships are established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan.

State education policy is based on the following principles:

1) the equal rights of every individual to fully realize their abilities and talents;

2) the humanistic nature of education, the priority of universal values, human life and health, and the free development of the individual;

3) the organic connection of education with the history, national culture, and traditions of the people of Turkmenistan;

4) the cultivation of civic responsibility and patriotism, diligence, respect for human rights and freedoms, and love for the environment, family, and homeland;

5) universal accessibility to all types of educational services provided by the state;

6) the compulsory nature of general secondary education and the preparation of preschool-age children for school, free of charge for every citizen of Turkmenistan in state educational institutions;

7) the continuity of education and the succession of its levels;

8) the provision of high-quality education throughout a person's life, at all levels of education, and its compliance with modern requirements;

9) diversity of educational and training modalities, as well as educational institutions by type, type, and form of ownership;

10) integration of the education system with science and industry and its interaction with the education systems of foreign countries;

11) the secular nature of the state education system and its separation from religious organizations;

12) strengthening the social role of education;

13) governance of the education system in accordance with generally recognized international norms and practices;

14) democratic governance of the education system, based on ensuring the rights of teachers, students, and parents or guardians of minor students to participate in the governance of educational institutions;

15) inadmissibility of restricting or eliminating competition in education;

16) provision of the education system with highly qualified teachers.

1. Turkmenistan's international cooperation in the field of education is carried out in accordance with the legislation and international treaties of Turkmenistan.

2. The authorized executive body in the field of education implements international cooperation through a system of analysis and forecasting of modern global processes in the education and upbringing of children and youth, as well as interstate relations aimed at studying and implementing advanced pedagogical practices and establishing effective links for the training of professional personnel.

Executive bodies in the field of education and educational institutions may establish direct relations with enterprises, institutions, and organizations of foreign countries implementing various educational programs, in accordance with the procedure established by the Cabinet of Ministers of Turkmenistan.

3. Persons of Turkmen nationality who are not citizens of Turkmenistan have the right to receive an education in educational institutions of Turkmenistan under the conditions established for citizens of Turkmenistan.

4. Turkmenistan facilitates the educational needs of individuals of Turkmen nationality residing abroad by providing assistance in training teachers and providing educational and methodological literature in the Turkmen language in accordance with the procedures established by international treaties of Turkmenistan.

5. Citizens of foreign countries receive education at educational institutions of Turkmenistan, as well as citizens of Turkmenistan at educational institutions of foreign countries, under direct contracts concluded between legal entities and individuals with educational institutions and executive bodies in the field of education, in accordance with this Law, other regulatory legal acts, and international treaties of Turkmenistan.

6. Citizens of foreign countries and stateless persons permanently residing in Turkmenistan receive education at educational institutions of Turkmenistan in accordance with this Law, other regulatory legal acts, and international treaties of Turkmenistan.

7. Citizens of foreign states and stateless persons permanently residing in Turkmenistan, with the exception of cases stipulated by international treaties of Turkmenistan, do not have the right to receive an education in Turkmenistan at educational institutions of any type and kind implementing educational programs for training personnel for military and law enforcement agencies.

8. The organization and operation of educational institutions (or their branches) of foreign states or joint institutions with them in Turkmenistan shall be carried out in accordance with this Law and the international treaties of Turkmenistan.

9. Recognition in Turkmenistan of documents of foreign states on education, the awarding of academic degrees, and the conferment of academic titles shall be carried out in accordance with the legislation and international treaties of Turkmenistan.

1. State and other educational institutions have the right to carry out fee-based educational activities in accordance with this Law.

2. State educational institutions implementing general education programs have the right to provide educational services on a fee-based basis in accordance with paragraph 2 of Part Two of Article 39 of this Law.

3. State educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher vocational education have the right to provide training under contracts with legal entities and/or individuals, with tuition fees being paid by them in the following cases:

1) when enrolling students in excess of the planned numbers for relevant vocational educational programs financed from the State Budget of Turkmenistan;

2) when enrolling in full-time, part-time, or correspondence courses;

3) to obtain a second degree at the corresponding level of vocational education;

4) Upon admission to training in areas of study (specialties) for which funding from the State Budget of Turkmenistan is not provided;

5) Upon admission to training based on targeted training.

4. A state educational institution, if it has the appropriate license, has the right to provide other paid educational services to the public, enterprises, institutions, and organizations.

5. State institutions implementing extracurricular and supplementary education programs for students have the right to provide them on a paid basis.

6. Income from the paid activities of a state educational institution specified in parts one, two, and three of this article shall be used by it in accordance with its statutory purposes.

Paid educational services may not be provided in lieu of educational activities financed from the State Budget of Turkmenistan. Funds earned in violation of this provision shall be confiscated and transferred to the State Budget of Turkmenistan.

7. A non-state educational institution charges students for educational services in accordance with the laws of Turkmenistan.

Paid educational activities of such an educational institution are not considered entrepreneurial if the income received from them is used entirely to reimburse the costs of providing educational activities (including salaries), their development, and improvement.

The relationship between a non-state educational institution and a student, their parents, or guardians is regulated by an agreement defining the level of education, the duration of study, the amount of tuition, the guarantees and liability of the educational institution in cases of suspension or revocation of a license, deprivation of state accreditation, termination of the educational institution, and other similar activities.

8. An educational institution has the right to engage in entrepreneurial and other income-generating activities in accordance with the laws of Turkmenistan.

9. Individual pedagogical work that generates income is considered entrepreneurial and is subject to registration in accordance with the laws of Turkmenistan.

Article 5. Languages ​​of Instruction and Education
1. The languages ​​of instruction and education in educational institutions are determined by this Law and other regulatory legal acts of Turkmenistan.
2. The Turkmen language, as the state language, is the primary language of instruction and education in educational institutions of Turkmenistan of all types, regardless of their form of ownership.
All general education institutions must provide instruction
in the state language of Turkmenistan. Vocational educational institutions provide instruction in the state language of Turkmenistan. Based on the purpose of the educational programs and the specific nature of the educational process, a foreign language(s) may be used as the primary language of instruction in such educational institutions.
3. The state shall assist citizens of Turkmenistan in
studying their native language in accordance with the legislation of Turkmenistan.
4. The State, taking into account growing global social,
environmental , and economic interdependence, promotes the acquisition of foreign languages ​​by citizens of Turkmenistan, including the official working languages ​​of the UN, in educational institutions of all types, regardless of their form of ownership.
5. The study of foreign languages ​​is included in general and professional educational programs as compulsory subjects.
5. In educational institutions of foreign states or jointly with them operating in Turkmenistan, in accordance with this Law, other regulatory legal acts, and international treaties of Turkmenistan, the primary language of instruction is the corresponding foreign language(s).
6. For students enrolled in higher professional
education institutions of Turkmenistan, in order to improve their knowledge of the state language or the corresponding foreign language to a sufficient level necessary for the educational process, a language training course may be organized for one academic year. A final positive assessment of this course allows students to continue their studies in their chosen educational programs.
7. The state language of Turkmenistan in educational institutions
where the primary language of instruction is the corresponding foreign language(s) is used to teach academic subjects included in the national component of the educational program, which is determined by the authorized executive body in the field of education.
8. The state, in accordance with international treaties
of Turkmenistan, provides assistance to persons of Turkmen nationality residing outside its territory in obtaining general secondary education in their native language.