Slovakia is a landlocked Central European state bordered by the Czech Republic and Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south and Austria to the west. Slovakia is mainly a country of transit on the on the mixed movement route to Western and Northern European countries. Since the escalation of the war in Ukraine, Slovakia has seen a rapid influx of persons fleeing hostilities and seeking protection. Forcibly displaced in Slovakia include refugees and asylum-seekers from a range of countries—the vast majority coming from Ukraine and smaller numbers from the Russian Federation, Afghanistan and Iraq, among others. They reside predominantly in reception facilities and private housing in urban centres and regional towns. Stateless individuals live alongside other foreign-national communities in similar urban settings.

Slovakia acceded to the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol in 1993, after it became an independent State following the dissolution of its federation with the Czech Republic. The main domestic legislation governing asylum is Act No. 480/2002 Coll. on Asylum (the Act on Asylum), which lays down the basic definitions, structures and procedures necessary to determine and provide for international protection needs, reception and rights of asylum-seekers, and integration services for refugees. The Slovak Republic has also transposed relevant EU asylum-related Directives into national legislation, primarily through amendments to the Act on Asylum.  Act No. 92/2022 Coll. (Lex Ukraine) further introduced measures to address the situation in Ukraine, including among others, the introduction of the allowance for accommodation for beneficiaries of Temporary Protection, facilitating their employment and social protection as well as their access to emergency health care services and other necessary health care services beyond emergency health care, if needed.