Regulation (EU) 2024/1348 establishing a common procedure for international protection in the EU and repealing Directive 2013/32EU (the Procedures Regulation), governs the appeals framework against decisions on international protection as part of the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum, and is directly applicable since June 12 2026. The Regulation provides for efficient appeals procedures based on its Recital 1 to "streamline, simplify and harmonize the procedural arrangements of the Member States". Articles 67 to 69  of the Procedures Regulation lay down the details of the appeals framework and provide for efficiency measures without prejudice to the right to an effective remedy. 

In addition,  the law governing the general administrative and contentious administrative procedures  includes efficiency among their guiding principles (Law 39/2015, Articles 129(1) and 129(6) Law 40/2015, Article 3(1)(j); Law 29/1998, Preamble, Section VI).

One of the main innovations regarding the Spanish administrative law in recent years has been the introduction of the right of individuals, regardless of their nationality, to interact through electronic means with the authorities within the administrative procedures in which they are involved (Law 39/2015, Article 14(1)). Similarly, citizens and legal professionals have the right to engage with the justice system electronically (Royal Decree-Law 6/2023, Article 6(1).

Prior to the implementation of the EU Pact on Migration and Asylum on 12 June 2026, some NGOs have expressed their concerns about the excessive length of asylum appeals, that reaches an average of almost 2 years until a ruling is issued by the competent court.1 Pre -Pact asylum and subsidiary protection appeals are examined at first instance by judges of the Administrative Chamber of the National Court of Spain, who also adjudicate thousands of cases in other fields such as consumer protection, competition and energy regulation (Law 29/1998, Article 11). Spain is currently aligning its appeals system to the EU Pact after 12 June 2026. It is expected that under this new framework and limited timeframes the appeals system for asylum claims will gain efficiency.   

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  Accem, AIDA Country Report on Spain – 2024 Update (2025), p. 61.