The Republic of the Congo, located in Central Africa, hosts a significant refugee population from neighboring countries, including the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Rwanda. Many refugees have lived in the country for extended periods, with the latest influx occurring in 2022 from the DRC's Kwamouth territory. Women and children constitute a substantial portion of this group.  Refugees are distributed across various regions, including both urban centers such as Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire, as well as rural areas like Likouala, Plateaux, and Pool, where they often live in small communities or alongside host populations.

Socio-economic integration of refugees remains a challenge, as many of them reside in areas with limited access to essential services and where the host communities themselves face economic hardship. While the Republic of the Congo established a legal framework for refugee protection, most notably the 2021 asylum law, implementation is hindered by issues such as delays in refugee status determination and limited recognition of refugee documents by certain local authorities and economic actors. Despite having the legal right to work, refugees face employment barriers due to restrictions on certain commercial activities reserved for nationals.