Mozambique operates under a unitary system of government, as described in article 8 of the Constitution of Mozambique. All political power and authority are concentrated at the national level, and the central government has the sole authority to make and enforce laws throughout the country. Local governments and administrative divisions exist, but they derive their powers and functions from the central government and can be modified or dissolved by it.

The Constitution outlines the three branches of government and their functions:

1. Executive Branch: The President of Mozambique is both the head of state and the head of government. The President is elected through universal, direct, equal and periodic suffrage, and by personal and secret ballot. The President is responsible for running the government, implementing policies, and overseeing the administration. The President is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Mozambique (Article 145-162 of the Constitution of Mozambique).
2. Legislative Branch: The Parliament of Mozambique, known as the Assembly of the Republic, is the country's legislative body. It is a unicameral parliament, meaning it has only one chamber. Members of the Assembly are elected through direct, universal, equal, secret, personal and periodic suffrage, and they are responsible for making and passing laws (Article 167- of the Constitution of Mozambique).
3. Judicial Branch: The judiciary in Mozambique is independent of the executive and legislative branches. It interprets and applies the law, ensuring that it is in accordance with the constitution and legal principles. The highest court in Mozambique is the Supreme Court, which serves as the court of last resort (Article 211-232 of the Constitution of Mozambique.