Djibouti has made notable progress in enhancing its protection framework. The 2017 Refugee Law and subsequent implementation decree form a solid legal basis for the inclusion of refugees. Refugees are granted the right to freedom of movement, access to employment, and participation in national education and health systems. Djibouti has also embraced the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF), aiming to transition from care and maintenance to more sustainable, inclusive, and system-based responses.

In addition to refugees and asylum seekers, Djibouti plays a critical role in regional migration dynamics. It is a major hub along the Eastern Migration Route, which connects the Horn of Africa to the Arabian Peninsula. In 2023 alone, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) recorded over 278,000 migratory movements through Djibouti—an increase of 25% from the previous year. Most migrants are Ethiopians transiting through Obock, a key departure point for risky sea crossings to Yemen. Many face exploitation, abuse, and trafficking along the route.

Furthermore, Djibouti hosts a floating migrant population, with government estimates indicating that approximately 127,000 undocumented migrants live and work in the country. They are primarily engaged in informal sectors such as domestic work, construction, and petty trade. Djibouti has recognized the challenges posed by mixed migration and has adopted its first National Migration Strategy (2021) to enhance migrant protection, access to services, and community resilience.

While there is limited public reference to stateless individuals in national or UN documentation, anecdotal evidence suggests the presence of persons at risk of statelessness, particularly among cross-border populations with unresolved legal identity or documentation gaps. Ongoing efforts—such as the promotion of birth registration and legal documentation—are essential to prevent and reduce statelessness.

Djibouti’s multifaceted displacement and migration landscape requires sustained humanitarian and development engagement, with a focus on inclusive policies, local integration, and durable solutions that benefit both displaced populations and host communities.