Last Change:

08/31/2026

Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador

Original names of the law: Constitución de la República del Ecuador

Year: 2008

Type: Domestic law

Rights Category: Asylum, Education, Freedom of movement, Health, Housing, land & property, Liberty & security of person, Nationality, Integration & Public Affairs, Social protection, Work & Workplace rights, Family life, Documentation

Description

Ecuador's Constitution stipulates that foreign nationals enjoy the same rights and duties as Ecuadorians, in line with both national law and international obligations. The right to asylum is recognized, with Article 41 :" The right to asylum is guaranteed in Ecuador. The State recognizes and guarantees the protection of persons who are persecuted for political reasons, and they shall be granted asylum in accordance with the Constitution, laws, and international human rights instruments."
 


 

Selected provisions
Article 8 - Naturalization

The following persons are Ecuadorians by naturalization:

Those who obtain the naturalization card.

Under-age foreigners adopted by a female or male Ecuadorian, who shall keep their Ecuadorian nationality as long as they do not express their wish to the contrary.

Those born abroad of a mother or father who is Ecuadorian by naturalization, while they are minors, shall keep their Ecuadorian nationality, as long as they do not express their wish to the contrary.

Those who marry, or have a common-law marriage with, an Ecuadorian female or male, in accordance with the law.

Those who obtain Ecuadorian nationality for having provided important services to the country on the basis of their talent or individual effort.

Those who acquire the Ecuadorian nationality shall not be obligated to forfeit their nationality of origin.

Ecuadorian nationality acquired by naturalization shall be forfeited by express renunciation.

Article 41 - Right to Asylum

Their rights to asylum and sanctuary are recognized, in accordance with the law and international human rights instruments. Persons who have been granted asylum or sanctuary shall benefit from special protection guaranteeing the full exercise of their rights. The State shall respect and guarantee the principle of non-return, in addition to humanitarian and legal emergency assistance.

Persons requesting asylum or sanctuary shall not be penalized or prosecuted for having entered the country or for remaining in a situation of irregularity.

The State, in exceptional cases and when the circumstances justify it, shall recognize the refugee status of collective group, in accordance with the law.

Article 75 - Right to effective judicial protection

Every person has the right to free access to justice and to effective, impartial and expeditious protection of their rights and interests; in no case shall they be left defenseless.

Toda persona tiene derecho al acceso gratuito a la justicia y a la tutela efectiva, imparcial y expedita de sus derechos; en ningún caso quedará en indefensión.

Article 76 - Due process guarantees

In all proceedings in which rights and obligations are determined, the right to due process shall be ensured, including the right to defense, to be heard, to present evidence, to receive a reasoned decision, and to appeal.

En todo proceso en que se determinen derechos y obligaciones se asegurará el derecho al debido proceso, incluyendo el derecho a la defensa, a ser escuchado, a presentar pruebas, a recibir resolución motivada y a recurrir el fallo.

Article 88 - Action for protection

The action for protection aims at the direct and effective protection of constitutional rights and may be brought when there is a violation by acts or omissions of any non-judicial public authority.

La acción de protección tendrá por objeto el amparo directo y eficaz de los derechos reconocidos en la Constitución, cuando exista una vulneración por actos u omisiones de cualquier autoridad pública no judicial.

Article 191 - Public Defender's Office

The Public Defender's Office guarantees full and equal access to justice for persons who cannot hire legal defense services. It provides free, technical, timely and effective legal service.

La Defensoría Pública garantiza el pleno e igual acceso a la justicia de las personas que no puedan contratar servicios de defensa legal. Presta un servicio legal, técnico, oportuno, eficiente, eficaz y gratuito.

Article 40 - Right to migrate

"The right to migrate is recognized for all persons. No human being shall be identified or considered illegal due to their migratory status.

Through the corresponding entities, the State shall undertake, among others, the following actions to guarantee the rights of Ecuadorian nationals abroad, regardless of their migratory status:

Provide assistance to them and their families, whether they reside abroad or within the country.

Offer attention, advisory services, and comprehensive protection so they may freely exercise their rights.

Safeguard their rights when, for any reason, they have been deprived of liberty abroad.

Promote their ties with Ecuador, facilitate family reunification, and encourage voluntary return.

Maintain the confidentiality of personal data contained in the records of Ecuadorian institutions abroad.
"
Se reconoce a las personas el derecho a migrar. No se identificará ni se considerará a ningún ser humano como ilegal por su condición migratoria. El Estado, a través de las entidades correspondientes, desarrollará entre otras las siguientes acciones para el ejercicio de los derechos de las personas ecuatorianas en el exterior, cualquiera sea su condición migratoria: 1. Ofrecerá asistencia a ellas y a sus familias, ya sea que éstas residan en el exterior o en el país. 2. Ofrecerá atención, servicios de asesoría y protección integral para que puedan ejercer libremente sus derechos. 3. Precautelará sus derechos cuando, por cualquier razón, hayan sido privadas de su libertad en el exterior. 4. Promoverá sus vínculos con el Ecuador, facilitará la reunificación familiar y estimulará el retorno voluntario. 5. Mantendrá la confidencialidad de los datos de carácter personal que se encuentren en los archivos de las instituciones del Ecuador en el exterior.

Article 11 - Equality

All persons are equal and shall enjoy the same rights, duties, and opportunities, and no one shall be discriminated against on grounds of ethnicity, place of birth, age, sex, gender identity, cultural identity, marital status, language, religion, ideology, political affiliation, criminal record, socio-economic condition, migratory status, sexual orientation, health status, HIV status, disability, physical differences, or any other personal or collective, temporary or permanent distinction whose purpose or result is to impair or nullify the recognition, enjoyment, or exercise of rights; the law shall sanction all forms of discrimination, and the State shall adopt affirmative action measures to promote real equality for rights holders who are in situations of inequality.

El ejercicio de los derechos se regirá por los siguientes principios:2. Todas las personas son iguales y gozarán de los mismos derechos, deberes y oportunidades.
Nadie podrá ser discriminado por razones de etnia, lugar de nacimiento, edad, sexo, identidad de
género, identidad cultural, estado civil, idioma, religión, ideología, filiación política, pasado judicial,
condición socio-económica, condición migratoria, orientación sexual, estado de salud, portar VIH,
discapacidad, diferencia física; ni por cualquier otra distinción, personal o colectiva, temporal o
permanente, que tenga por objeto o resultado menoscabar o anular el reconocimiento, goce o
ejercicio de los derechos. La ley sancionará toda forma de discriminación.
El Estado adoptará medidas de acción afirmativa que promuevan la igualdad real en favor de los
titulares de derechos que se encuentren en situación de desigualdad. "

Article 66 (14) - Right to free movement, residence, and protection against expulsion

Every person has the right to move freely within national territory, to choose their place of residence, and to freely enter and leave the country in accordance with the law, and any prohibition on leaving the country may only be ordered by a competent judge; foreign persons may not be returned or expelled to a country where their life, liberty, security, or integrity, or that of their family members, would be at risk due to ethnicity, religion, nationality, ideology, membership in a particular social group, or political opinions, collective expulsions of foreign persons are prohibited, and migratory procedures shall be carried out on an individual basis.

"ART 66 ...14. El derecho a transitar libremente por el territorio nacional y a escoger su residencia, así como a entrar y salir libremente del país, cuyo ejercicio se regulará de acuerdo con la ley. La prohibición de salir del país sólo podrá ser ordenada por juez competente.
Las personas extranjeras no podrán ser devueltas o expulsadas a un país donde su vida, libertad, seguridad o integridad o la de sus familiares peligren por causa de su etnia, religión, nacionalidad, ideología, pertenencia a determinado grupo social, o por sus opiniones políticas.
Se prohíbe la expulsión de colectivos de extranjeros. Los procesos migratorios deberán ser singularizados."

Article 44 - Rights of Children and Adolescents

"The State, society, and the family shall promote, as a priority, the integral development of children and adolescents, and shall ensure the full exercise of their rights; their best interests shall be observed, and their rights shall prevail over those of other persons.

Children and adolescents shall have the right to their integral development, understood as the process of growth, maturation, and the unfolding of their intellect and of their capacities, potential, and aspirations, in a family, school, social, and community environment of affection and security. This environment shall allow the satisfaction of their social, affective-emotional, and cultural needs, with the support of national and local intersectoral policies."

"El Estado, la sociedad y la familia promoverán de forma prioritaria el desarrollo integral de las niñas, niños y adolescentes, y asegurarán el ejercicio pleno de sus derechos; se atenderá al principio de su interés superior y sus derechos prevalecerán sobre los de las demás personas.
Las niñas, niños y adolescentes tendrán derecho a su desarrollo integral, entendido como proceso de crecimiento, maduración y despliegue de su intelecto y de sus capacidades, potencialidades y aspiraciones, en un entorno familiar, escolar, social y comunitario de afectividad y seguridad. Este entorno permitirá la satisfacción de sus necesidades sociales, afectivo-emocionales y culturales, con el apoyo de políticas intersectoriales nacionales y locales.
"

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