Last Change:
08/27/2026
Organic Law on Human Mobility
Original names of the law: Ley Orgánica de Movilidad Humana
Year: 2017
Type: Domestic law
Rights Category: Asylum, Education, Freedom of movement, Health, Housing, land & property, Liberty & security of person, Nationality, Integration & Public Affairs, Social protection, Work & Workplace rights, Family life, Documentation
Description
The Organic Law on Human Mobility establishes a comprehensive legal framework to protect and regulate the rights of individuals in human mobility, including migrants, refugees, asylum seekers, stateless persons, and victims of human trafficking. The law also outlines the responsibilities of various state institutions in managing migration, providing international protection, and ensuring the integration and reintegration of migrants and refugees.
Selected provisions
The Ecuadorian State shall guarantee the inclusion of persons with international protection needs. A person subject to international protection may voluntarily return to their country of origin when the cause that motivated the need for international protection has ceased. The State shall also facilitate voluntary resettlement in a third country in coordination with international organizations.
Soluciones duraderas para personas con necesidad de protección internacional. El Estado ecuatoriano garantizará la inclusión de las personas con necesidad de protección internacional en el Ecuador. La persona sujeta a protección internacional podrá retornar voluntariamente a su país de origen cuando la causa que motivó la necesidad de protección internacional ha cesado. El Estado ecuatoriano en coordinación con las organizaciones internacionales competentes brindará las facilidades para el reasentamiento voluntario de una persona sujeta a protección internacional en un tercer país.
"A person shall be recognized as a refugee in Ecuador when:
Owing to well-founded fears of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion, they are outside their country of nationality and are unable or unwilling, because of such fears, to avail themselves of the protection of that country; or, being stateless and outside the country of their former habitual residence, are unable or unwilling to return to it.
They have fled or cannot return to their country because their life, safety, or freedom has been threatened by generalized violence, foreign aggression, internal conflicts, massive violations of human rights, or other circumstances that have seriously disturbed public order, and they cannot avail themselves of the protection of their country of nationality or habitual residence.
The recognition of refugee status is declaratory, civil, humanitarian, apolitical in nature, and grants the individual an international protection status"
Articulo. 98.- Persona Refugiada. Será reconocida como refugiada en el Ecuador toda persona que: 1. Debido a temores fundamentados de ser perseguida por motivos de raza, religión, nacionalidad, pertenencia a determinado grupo social u opiniones políticas, que se encuentre fuera de su país de nacionalidad, y no pueda o quiera, a causa de dichos temores, acogerse a la protección de su país, o que, careciendo de nacionalidad y hallándose fuera del país donde antes tuviera su residencia habitual, no pueda o no quiera regresar a él. 2. Ha huido o no pueda retornar a su país porque su vida, seguridad o libertad ha sido amenazada por la violencia generalizada, agresión extranjera, los conflictos internos, la violación masiva de los derechos humanos u otras circunstancias que hayan perturbado gravemente el orden público y no pueda acogerse a la protección de su país de nacionalidad o residencia habitual. El reconocimiento de la condición de refugiado tiene una naturaleza declarativa, civil, humanitaria, apolítica y confiere un estatuto de protección internacional a la persona.
"The procedure for the recognition of refugee status shall be carried out respecting the following guarantees, in addition to those established in the Constitution:
Procedures shall be individualized.
A personal interview shall be conducted, and the applicant may choose the gender of the interviewer in cases of gender-based violence.
The applicant shall receive the necessary guidance regarding the procedure, including appeal stages, in a language and manner they can understand.
The burden of proof shall be shared; therefore, the responsibility to demonstrate the need for international protection also lies with the human mobility authority, which must gather sources of information to resolve the case.
The applicant shall be notified in writing of all decisions and may file administrative appeals with suspensive effect on the resolutions of the competent authority.
In order to protect the rights of applicants who may be at risk, the procedure for determining refugee status shall respect the principles of confidentiality and protection of personal data in all its stages.
Child and adolescent applicants for refugee status shall enjoy specific procedural and evidentiary guarantees that ensure their best interests, in accordance with the Constitution, international instruments ratified by Ecuador, and current legal regulations.
Priority shall be given to applications submitted by unaccompanied or separated children and adolescents, victims of torture, victims of sexual abuse or gender-based violence, and other persons belonging to priority attention groups.
In the case of unaccompanied children and adolescents or those separated from their legal representatives, the competent authority shall coordinate the appointment of a guardian or legal representative. The human mobility authority shall immediately notify the Public Defender’s Office so that it may assume legal representation.
Lack of documentation shall not prevent a person from submitting an application for recognition of refugee status.
The determination and recognition of refugee status shall be decided by the human mobility authority.
The procedure and the application for refugee status shall be free of charge"
Articulo. 99.- Garantías del debido proceso. El procedimiento para el reconocimiento del refugio, se llevará a cabo respetando las siguientes garantías, a más de las contempladas en la Constitución: 1. Los procedimientos serán individualizados; 2. Se realizará una entrevista personal y la persona solicitante podrá escoger el sexo de su entrevistador en casos de violencia de género; 3. La persona solicitante recibirá la orientación necesaria sobre el procedimiento a seguir, incluyendo las etapas de apelación en un lenguaje y modo que pueda comprender; 4. La carga de la prueba será compartida, por lo que la responsabilidad de probar la necesidad de protección internacional también recae en la autoridad de movilidad humana, quien deberá recabar fuentes de información para resolver el caso; 5. El solicitante será notificado por escrito de todas las decisiones tomadas y podrá presentar recursos administrativos con efecto suspensivo de las resoluciones de la autoridad competente; 6. Con la finalidad de proteger los derechos de las personas solicitantes que puedan estar en riesgo, el procedimiento de determinación de la condición de refugiado respetará el principio de confidencialidad y la protección de los datos personales en todas sus etapas; 7. Las niñas, niños y adolescentes solicitantes de la condición de refugiado gozarán de garantías procedimentales específicas y probatorias que aseguren su interés superior, de conformidad con la Constitución, los instrumentos internacionales ratificados por el Ecuador y la normativa legal vigente; 8. Se dará prioridad a la tramitación de las solicitudes presentadas por niñas, niños y adolescentes no acompañados o separados de sus representantes legales, víctimas de tortura, víctimas de abuso sexual o violencia por motivos de género y las demás personas de los grupos de atención prioritaria; 9. En el caso de niños, niñas y adolescentes no acompañados o separados de sus representantes legales, la autoridad competente coordinará el nombramiento de un tutor o representante legal. La autoridad de movilidad humana notificará inmediatamente a la Defensoría Pública a fin que asuma la representación legal del niño, niña o adolescente; 10. La falta de documentación no impedirá que la persona presente una solicitud de reconocimiento de la condición de refugiado; 11. La determinación para reconocer la condición de persona refugiada será resuelta por la autoridad de movilidad humana, y, 12. El procedimiento y la solicitud de refugio serán gratuitos.
"To initiate the process for the recognition of refugee status, the individual must be located within Ecuadorian territory. The person shall submit a verbal or written application for the recognition of refugee status before the competent authority within ninety days following their entry into the country.
Any public servant who becomes aware of the entry of a person who may be in need of international protection has the duty to immediately refer them to the human mobility authority for the submission of the corresponding application.
Once the application for refugee status has been submitted, the human mobility authority shall grant a humanitarian visa accrediting the applicant as a person seeking refugee status, allowing them to remain in the country under a regular migratory condition until the corresponding decision is issued.
The highest human mobility authority may, on an exceptional basis and due to duly verified circumstances of fortuitous event or force majeure, accept a refugee application submitted outside the established time frame"
Articulo. 100.- Presentación de la solicitud. Para el proceso de reconocimiento de la condición de refugiado será necesario encontrarse en territorio ecuatoriano. La persona deberá presentar una solicitud verbal o escrita de reconocimiento de la condición de refugiado ante la autoridad competente dentro de los noventa días posteriores a su ingreso. Cualquier servidor público que tenga conocimiento del ingreso de una persona en posible necesidad de protección internacional, tiene el deber de referirla inmediatamente a la autoridad de movilidad humana para la presentación de la respectiva solicitud. LEY ORGANICA DE MOVILIDAD HUMANA - Página 34 LEXIS FINDER - www.lexis.com.ec Una vez presentada la solicitud de refugio, la autoridad de movilidad humana concederá visa humanitaria que acredite a la persona como solicitante de la condición de refugio, lo que le permitirá estar en el país en condición migratoria regular hasta que se emita la resolución correspondiente. La máxima autoridad de movilidad humana de forma excepcional, por razones de caso fortuito o fuerza mayor debidamente comprobadas, podrá aceptar a trámite una solicitud de refugio presentada de forma extemporánea.
Qualification of application and time limit for resolution.- Every application for refugee status will be qualified by the human mobility authority and must be resolved within a maximum period of one hundred and eighty days, which may be extended, on a single occasion, for thirty days when the case requires more elements of judgment for the decision.
Articulo. 101.- Calificación de solicitud y plazo para resolver.- Toda solicitud de la condición de persona refugiada será calificada por la autoridad de movilidad humana y deberá ser resuelta en un plazo máximo de ciento ochenta días que podrá extenderse, por una sola ocasión, por treinta días cuando el caso requiera de mayores elementos de juicio para la toma de su decisión.
"Interview. The human mobility authority shall summon the applicant for an interview to gather information and evidence necessary to resolve their application. Exceptionally, within the 180-day period established for resolving the application, the human mobility authority may, if necessary, convene a second interview. Upon receiving the asylum application, the authority shall set the interview date for the applicant and immediately notify the applicant.
If the applicant fails to appear for the interview on the scheduled date without due justification, it shall be understood that they have withdrawn their asylum application, and the application shall be immediately archived.
Following the interview, the human mobility authority shall prepare a technical report. The report shall contain the application record, the technical criteria used to assess the application, and any other relevant information provided by the applicant. In all cases, the human mobility authority shall verify and corroborate the information provided by the applicant."
Articulo. 102.- Entrevista.- La autoridad de movilidad humana convocará a la persona solicitante para llevar a cabo la entrevista en la que se recabará información y elementos de juicio para resolver su solicitud. Excepcionalmente, dentro del plazo de los ciento ochenta días previstos para resolver la solicitud, la autoridad de movilidad humana podrá convocar, de ser necesario, a una segunda entrevista. Al momento de recibir la solicitud de refugio, la autoridad deberá establecer la fecha de entrevista al o la solicitante e indicar de inmediato a la persona que presenta la solicitud.
"Inadmissibility of Applications. If, after an individual interview, the human mobility authority determines that an application is manifestly unfounded or fraudulent in accordance with international instruments, the authority shall issue a reasoned declaration of inadmissibility.
Manifestly unfounded applications are those that do not meet the criteria established for granting refugee status. Fraudulent applications are those that involve deception or the intention to mislead on the part of the applicant.
Once an application has been deemed inadmissible, it may be appealed through administrative channels in accordance with the regulations of this Law. If the final decision denies the application, the applicant must regularize their immigration status or leave the country within a maximum period of fifteen days. Failure to do so will result in the competent authority initiating deportation proceedings in accordance with this Law."
Articulo. 103.- Inadmisión de solicitud.- En caso de que, al cabo de una entrevista individualizada, la autoridad de movilidad humana califique la solicitud como manifiestamente infundada o fraudulenta de conformidad con los instrumentos internacionales, la autoridad de movilidad humana declarará de forma motivada la inadmisión de la solicitud.
A person shall be excluded from refugee protection where there are serious reasons for considering that the person:
Has committed a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity as defined in the international instruments ratified by the Ecuadorian State.
Has committed a serious non-political crime outside the territory of the Ecuadorian State prior to being admitted as a refugee. For the purposes of this paragraph, a crime shall be considered serious where Ecuadorian law provides for a penalty exceeding five years of deprivation of liberty (imprisonment).
Articulo. 106.- Causales de exclusión de la condición de refugiado. Será excluida de la protección de refugio aquella persona respecto de la cual existan motivos fundados para considerar que la persona: 1. Ha cometido un delito contra la paz, un delito de guerra o un delito contra la humanidad de los definidos en los instrumentos internacionales suscritos por el Estado ecuatoriano. 2. Ha cometido un grave delito común fuera del Estado ecuatoriano, antes de ser admitida como persona refugiada. Para efectos de este numeral, se entenderá como grave delito cuando el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano prevea una sanción superior a cinco años de privación de la libertad.
The competent authority for human mobility shall cease a person's refugee status when the person benefiting from international protection:
Has voluntarily re-availed himself or herself of the protection of the country of his or her nationality.
Having lost his or her nationality, has voluntarily reacquired it.
Has acquired a new nationality and enjoys the protection of the country of his or her new nationality.
Has voluntarily re-established himself or herself in the country which he or she left, or outside which he or she remained, owing to a fear of persecution.
Can no longer continue to refuse to avail himself or herself of the protection of the country of his or her nationality because the circumstances in connection with which he or she was recognized as a refugee have ceased to exist. This shall apply provided that there are no compelling reasons arising out of previous persecution for which refugee status was recognized.
Being a person who has no nationality, is able to return to the country of former habitual residence because the circumstances in connection with which he or she was recognized as a refugee have ceased to exist. This shall apply provided that there are no compelling reasons arising out of previous persecution for which refugee status was recognized.
The human mobility authority shall initiate cancellation of refugee status when it is verified that it should not have been recognized due to the absence of the elements that configure such status, or due to exclusion grounds. The authority shall revoke refugee status when the recognized refugee has subsequently committed crimes against peace, war crimes, or crimes against humanity; has an enforceable conviction for a crime under Ecuadorian law; or is considered a threat to public security. Cancellation and revocation do not in themselves authorize refoulement when risks to life or integrity persist.
Cancellation and revocation may only occur on the taxative grounds established in this Law. The non-refoulement principle continues to apply even when these procedures are initiated.
Art. 108.- Cancelación y revocación de la condición de refugiado.- La autoridad de movilidad humana iniciará el procedimiento de cancelación cuando se verifique que la misma no debió ser reconocida [...] La autoridad de movilidad humana procederá a revocar la condición de refugiado cuando: 1. La persona reconocida como refugiada, con posterioridad al reconocimiento, hubiese cometido delitos contra la paz, delitos de guerra o delitos contra la humanidad [...] 2. Exista sentencia condenatoria ejecutoriada [...] 3. La persona reconocida como refugiada sea considerada como una amenaza o riesgo para la seguridad pública y estructura del Estado.
La cancelación y revocación solo proceden por causales taxativas establecidas en la Ley. El principio de no devolución continúa aplicándose incluso cuando se inician estos procedimientos.